SS Outline 5.10.2026

Systematic Theology, Week 16: Man in the State of Sin

QUESTION: How would you explain the problem of sin in a way that captures both its depth and its consequences?
Definition (Berkhof): "Sin is lack of conformity to or transgression of God’s law. Original sin includes guilt and corruption derived from Adam."
Key Text: Romans 5:12.
Why This Matters: A shallow view of sin produces a shallow view of grace.

1. Origin of Sin
A. Fall of Adam

• Genesis 3.

• Federal headship and imputed guilt.

• Why is Adam’s representation essential to the gospel?

B. Nature of Original Sin

• 
Ephesians 2:1–3.
• Humans are spiritually dead in sin.

• Corruption of will, mind, and affections.

C. Transmission of Sin

• Romans 5:18–19.

• Corruption passes to all humanity.

• How does this explain universal human brokenness?

2. Actual Sin and Human Inability
A. Actual Transgressions

• Romans 3:23.

• Sin permeates conduct and desires.

B. Total Inability

• John 6:44.

• Humans cannot seek God apart from grace.

C. Consequences of Sin

• Separation from God, corruption of relationships, death.

• Romans 6:23.
• How does understanding inability deepen our reliance on divine grace?

3. Conclusion & Reflection

• Summary:
 Sin includes guilt, corruption, inability, and judgment.
• Why does total depravity highlight the glory of Christ?

• Where do you see the effects of sin most clearly in modern culture?